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Evelyn Howard speaks glowingly of her son, Tim Howard, the goalkeeper for the United States soccer team at the recent World Cup competition, which wrapped up Sunday.
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The statistics of drug addiction has been increasing every year. In the United States, more than 30% confess to having tried drug on a certain point of their life. With these 30%, about 11% are dependent on the substance. There are dissimilarities between men and women on the taken in of drugs. In men, the chances are higher in using drugs as compared to women. It is attributed to the fact that there is more laidback atmosphere when a man goes into drug addiction but with a woman, it’s a much different scenario. It must be taken note that there is no difference between men and women in abusing drugs but studies have shown that there is greater psychological risk women gets from substance use. All over the world, substance use varies quite substantially. There are certain countries where in some substances are used in the open. Nowadays, the use of drugs has been high on the college kids’ population. Ecstasy is one of the most popular drug being used.
There are many theories that can explain the cause of addiction. Behavioral and cognitive theories are part of these explanations. Based on cognitive theories of drug abuse, people have expected outcomes on the taking of drug paired with a thinking that drug is fitting to use especially in coping up stress. People who believe drug to decrease their stress and who do not have other means of coping are more likely than others to drink drug when they are upset. These are also the similar group of people who will have social problems as relation to their drinking habits. On the other hand, behavioral theories believe that behaviors in drinking are mostly mimicked from an individual’s younger self. For example, children and adolescents learn drug related behaviors from the modeling mostly of their parents. Drugs would then be seen by these children as part of their daily lives.
Drug rehabilitation is one of the best method to help people who are into drug addiction. Drug rehabilitation is the process where in an individual that is drug addicted is given help to have a new life without drugs. This treatment could either be medical or psychotherapeutic. It could also be both. Drug rehabilitation usually requires an individual to be admitted to a drug rehab center. In a drug rehab center, there are many rehab programs that are available that can help you in what you really need. One of the most practical of these rehab programs is drug treatment. Drug treatment focuses on aiding a drug addict by giving him drug prescriptions to lessen symptoms that comes with the discontinued the use of the drugs. There are medications that contradict the effects the addicted drugs give. On the other hand, psychotherapeutic treatment involves the use of various techniques to encourage the individuals to stop using drugs, to substitute the use of substance as a method of coping up from problems and stress, to modify reinforcements when drugs are used, and to foster adherence to psychotherapy.
One of the best technique used in rehab programs is drug treatment which is a very good weapon in the battle against drug addiction
A state of a very vulnerable condition is where a pregnant woman sits. At this moment, she is greatly defenseless from different classes of toxins and harmful substances. Alcohol, cigarettes, and drugs are some of the substances that may cause negative effects towards the fetus inside the mother’s womb. Teratogens is the term given to these kind of harmful substances. An abnormal baby can even be a result of taking in these substances.
Alcohol is one of the so called teratogens that can greatly affect pregnancies. When a woman is into alcohol addiction, this will be a very problematic case when she is pregnant. People may not be attentive of its risk and still permits a woman to take in alcoholic drinks during her pregnancy, but the effect of this would be carried by the baby for the rest of his or her life. Alcohol is one of the known causes of mental and physical birth defects specifically in the United States. Though, this is only a probability, the rate is high.
Whenever a woman ingests alcohol during pregnancy, a disorder called Fetal Alcohol Syndrome can occur on her embryo. Alcohol crosses the placental barrier and can feat fetal growth or weight, make distinctive facial stigmata, harm neurons and brain structures, and cause other physical, mental, or behavioral problems. The central nervous system specifically the brain is one of the parts damaged by Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Developing brain cells and structures are not fully developed or malformed by prenatal alcohol exposure, often creating a collection of primary cognitive and functional disabilities including poor memory, attention deficits, impulsive behavior, and poor cause-effect reasoning, as well as secondary disabilities for example, mental health problems, and drug addiction.
The signs and symptoms of having fetal alcohol syndrome are very small birth weight, small head circumference, developmental interruption, organ malfunction, facial abnormalities, including decreased eye openings, flattened cheekbones, and indistinct philtrum (an underdeveloped groove between the nose and the upper lip), epilepsy, poor coordination, poor socialization skills, such as difficulty building and maintaining friendships and relating to groups, lack of imagination or curiosity, learning difficulties, including poor memory, inability to understand concepts such as time and money, poor language comprehension, poor problem-solving skills, behavioral problems including hyperactivity, inability to concentrate, social withdrawal, stubbornness, impulsiveness, and anxiety.
The main feature of fetal alcohol syndrome is its damage on the central nervous system. Central nervous system damage can be assessed in three areas such as structural, neurological, and functional impairments. Structural impairments can include microcephaly (small head size) of two or more average deviations below the average, or other abnormalities in brain structure. On the first trimester of pregnancy, alcohol gets in the way with the migration and organization of brain cells, which can make structural deformities within the brain. On the third trimester, damage can be caused to the hippocampus, which plays a role in memory, learning, emotion, and encoding visual and auditory information, all of which can make neurological and functional CNS impairments as well.
When structural impairments are not observable or do not exist, neurological impairments are assessed. Neurological problems are expressed as either hard signs, or diagnosable disorders, such as epilepsy or other seizure disorders, or soft signs. Soft signs are broader, nonspecific neurological impairments, or symptoms, such as impaired fine motor skills, neurosensory hearing loss, poor gait, clumsiness, poor eye-hand coordination.
When structural or neurological impairments are not shown, all four diagnostic systems allow CNS damage owed to prenatal alcohol exposure to be assessed in terms of functional impairments. Functional impairments are deficits, problems, delays, or abnormalities due to prenatal alcohol exposure (rather than hereditary causes or postnatal insults) in observable and quantifiable domains related to daily functioning, often referred to as developmental disabilities.
Although there are no evidences that will tell us the amount of alcohol that will produce birth defects, ingesting alcohol no matter the amount is still very dangerous. Letting go and recovering from alcohol addiction is the important step to take once a woman wants to bear a child.
Alcohol addiction is very dangerous specially on women who are pregnant; the danger of fetal alcohol syndrome to occur is present.
One of the problems that causes dangers to the human race is the problem of behavioral health disorder. This variety of disorder doesn’t choose who to cause trouble to. It does not consider the variables of your personality, be you rich and young or poor and old. Yet, there are different kinds of behavioral health disorder that can have an effect on the young and the old. Let us take some time to discuss these kinds.
Let us first discuss behavioral health disorders that affects early days. One of these is the very common, autism. Autism is a kind of childhood disorder that is distinguished by deficits in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and schizophrenia are just the common ones. Let us discuss them one by one.
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder or PTSD is a set of symptoms which includes hypervigilance, re-experiencing whatever that causes the trauma, and emotional numbing. These are usually experienced by trauma survivors. Treatment for PTSD usually engages people to expose themselves to what they fear, to help them in their way of thinking, and helping them manages their current problems. PTSD usually brings a lot of distress that is why drug therapies are needed for people having this disorder.
Delusional beliefs and hallucinations are the characteristic of people having schizophrenia. These people also has disgusting thoughts, speeches, and behaviors. There is also an absence of motivation, affect, and sensible communication from individuals with schizophrenia. There are two identified set of symptoms found in schizophrenia. Positive symptoms are characterized by presence of unusual thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. These symptoms refer to the illustration of very salient experiences. In contrast with positive symptoms, negative symptoms characterize behavioral absence. Negative symptoms stand for the representation of the deficits in certain domains. Examples of positive symptoms of schizophrenia are delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thoughts and speeches, and disorganized or catatonic behavior. Examples of negative symptoms of schizophrenia are affective flattening, alogia and avolition.
Most of the time, behavioral disorders cause a lot of problems. It creates great suffering not just on the person afflicted but also on the people that surrounds him or her. These people would try enormous efforts to comprehend and make way for them because in the first place, this individual did not choose to have this disorder.
One of the good things that are able to come up in the recent years is the sprouting of many associations that support people who has behavioral health disorder. They create a way to help the public comprehend this kind of disorder. They also asssit the family of the patient on what to do. Any kind of disorder won’t really be a problem once acceptance and the knowledge of the disorder is on the family of the individual; afflicted. With it, they know where to look for help and support.
Behavioral Health Disorder is a kind that mainly affects the behaviors of a person in a very negative way.
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